Redesign Scoped Access Tokens (#24767)

## Changes
- Adds the following high level access scopes, each with `read` and
`write` levels:
    - `activitypub`
    - `admin` (hidden if user is not a site admin)
    - `misc`
    - `notification`
    - `organization`
    - `package`
    - `issue`
    - `repository`
    - `user`
- Adds new middleware function `tokenRequiresScopes()` in addition to
`reqToken()`
  -  `tokenRequiresScopes()` is used for each high-level api section
- _if_ a scoped token is present, checks that the required scope is
included based on the section and HTTP method
  - `reqToken()` is used for individual routes
- checks that required authentication is present (but does not check
scope levels as this will already have been handled by
`tokenRequiresScopes()`
- Adds migration to convert old scoped access tokens to the new set of
scopes
- Updates the user interface for scope selection

### User interface example
<img width="903" alt="Screen Shot 2023-05-31 at 1 56 55 PM"
src="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/23248839/654766ec-2143-4f59-9037-3b51600e32f3">
<img width="917" alt="Screen Shot 2023-05-31 at 1 56 43 PM"
src="https://github.com/go-gitea/gitea/assets/23248839/1ad64081-012c-4a73-b393-66b30352654c">

## tokenRequiresScopes  Design Decision
- `tokenRequiresScopes()` was added to more reliably cover api routes.
For an incoming request, this function uses the given scope category
(say `AccessTokenScopeCategoryOrganization`) and the HTTP method (say
`DELETE`) and verifies that any scoped tokens in use include
`delete:organization`.
- `reqToken()` is used to enforce auth for individual routes that
require it. If a scoped token is not present for a request,
`tokenRequiresScopes()` will not return an error

## TODO
- [x] Alphabetize scope categories
- [x] Change 'public repos only' to a radio button (private vs public).
Also expand this to organizations
- [X] Disable token creation if no scopes selected. Alternatively, show
warning
- [x] `reqToken()` is missing from many `POST/DELETE` routes in the api.
`tokenRequiresScopes()` only checks that a given token has the correct
scope, `reqToken()` must be used to check that a token (or some other
auth) is present.
   -  _This should be addressed in this PR_
- [x] The migration should be reviewed very carefully in order to
minimize access changes to existing user tokens.
   - _This should be addressed in this PR_
- [x] Link to api to swagger documentation, clarify what
read/write/delete levels correspond to
- [x] Review cases where more than one scope is needed as this directly
deviates from the api definition.
   - _This should be addressed in this PR_
   - For example: 
   ```go
	m.Group("/users/{username}/orgs", func() {
		m.Get("", reqToken(), org.ListUserOrgs)
		m.Get("/{org}/permissions", reqToken(), org.GetUserOrgsPermissions)
}, tokenRequiresScopes(auth_model.AccessTokenScopeCategoryUser,
auth_model.AccessTokenScopeCategoryOrganization),
context_service.UserAssignmentAPI())
   ```

## Future improvements
- [ ] Add required scopes to swagger documentation
- [ ] Redesign `reqToken()` to be opt-out rather than opt-in
- [ ] Subdivide scopes like `repository`
- [ ] Once a token is created, if it has no scopes, we should display
text instead of an empty bullet point
- [ ] If the 'public repos only' option is selected, should read
categories be selected by default

Closes #24501
Closes #24799

Co-authored-by: Jonathan Tran <jon@allspice.io>
Co-authored-by: Kyle D <kdumontnu@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: silverwind <me@silverwind.io>

web_src/js/components/ScopedAccessTokenSelector.vue

@@ -0,0 +1,138 @@
+<template>
+  <div class="scoped-access-token-category">
+    <div class="field gt-pl-2">
+      <label class="checkbox-label">
+        <input
+          ref="category"
+          v-model="categorySelected"
+          class="scope-checkbox scoped-access-token-input"
+          type="checkbox"
+          name="scope"
+          :value="'write:' + category"
+          @input="onCategoryInput"
+        >
+        {{ category }}
+      </label>
+    </div>
+    <div class="field gt-pl-4">
+      <div class="inline field">
+        <label class="checkbox-label">
+          <input
+            ref="read"
+            v-model="readSelected"
+            :disabled="disableIndividual || writeSelected"
+            class="scope-checkbox scoped-access-token-input"
+            type="checkbox"
+            name="scope"
+            :value="'read:' + category"
+            @input="onIndividualInput"
+          >
+          read:{{ category }}
+        </label>
+      </div>
+      <div class="inline field">
+        <label class="checkbox-label">
+          <input
+            ref="write"
+            v-model="writeSelected"
+            :disabled="disableIndividual"
+            class="scope-checkbox scoped-access-token-input"
+            type="checkbox"
+            name="scope"
+            :value="'write:' + category"
+            @input="onIndividualInput"
+          >
+          write:{{ category }}
+        </label>
+      </div>
+    </div>
+  </div>
+</template>
+
+<script>
+import {createApp} from 'vue';
+import {showElem} from '../utils/dom.js';
+
+const sfc = {
+  props: {
+    category: {
+      type: String,
+      required: true,
+    },
+  },
+
+  data: () => ({
+    categorySelected: false,
+    disableIndividual: false,
+    readSelected: false,
+    writeSelected: false,
+  }),
+
+  methods: {
+    /**
+     * When entire category is toggled
+     * @param {Event} e
+     */
+    onCategoryInput(e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      this.disableIndividual = this.$refs.category.checked;
+      this.writeSelected = this.$refs.category.checked;
+      this.readSelected = this.$refs.category.checked;
+    },
+
+    /**
+     * When an individual level of category is toggled
+     * @param {Event} e
+     */
+    onIndividualInput(e) {
+      e.preventDefault();
+      if (this.$refs.write.checked) {
+        this.readSelected = true;
+      }
+      this.categorySelected = this.$refs.write.checked;
+    },
+  }
+};
+
+export default sfc;
+
+/**
+ * Initialize category toggle sections
+ */
+export function initScopedAccessTokenCategories() {
+  for (const el of document.getElementsByTagName('scoped-access-token-category')) {
+    const category = el.getAttribute('category');
+    createApp(sfc, {
+      category,
+    }).mount(el);
+  }
+
+  document.getElementById('scoped-access-submit')?.addEventListener('click', (e) => {
+    e.preventDefault();
+    // check that at least one scope has been selected
+    for (const el of document.getElementsByClassName('scoped-access-token-input')) {
+      if (el.checked) {
+        document.getElementById('scoped-access-form').submit();
+      }
+    }
+    // no scopes selected, show validation error
+    showElem(document.getElementById('scoped-access-warning'));
+  });
+}
+
+</script>
+
+<style scoped>
+.scoped-access-token-category {
+  padding-top: 10px;
+  padding-bottom: 10px;
+}
+
+.checkbox-label {
+  cursor: pointer;
+}
+
+.scope-checkbox {
+  margin: 4px 5px 0 0;
+}
+</style>