sub2api/backend/internal/service/account_test_service.go

package service

import (
	"bufio"
	"bytes"
	"context"
	"crypto/rand"
	"encoding/base64"
	"encoding/binary"
	"encoding/hex"
	"encoding/json"
	"errors"
	"fmt"
	"image"
	_ "image/gif"
	_ "image/jpeg"
	_ "image/png"
	"io"
	"log"
	"mime/multipart"
	"net/http"
	"net/http/httptest"
	"net/url"
	"regexp"
	"strings"
	"sync"
	"time"

	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/config"
	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/claude"
	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/geminicli"
	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/openai"
	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/openai_compat"
	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/pkg/xai"
	"github.com/Wei-Shaw/sub2api/internal/util/urlvalidator"
	"github.com/gin-gonic/gin"
	"github.com/google/uuid"
	"github.com/tidwall/gjson"
)

// sseDataPrefix matches SSE data lines with optional whitespace after colon.
// Some upstream APIs return non-standard "data:" without space (should be "data: ").
var sseDataPrefix = regexp.MustCompile(`^data:\s*`)

const (
	testClaudeAPIURL   = "https://api.anthropic.com/v1/messages?beta=true"
	chatgptCodexAPIURL = "https://chatgpt.com/backend-api/codex/responses"
)

// TestEvent represents a SSE event for account testing
type TestEvent struct {
	Type     string `json:"type"`
	Text     string `json:"text,omitempty"`
	Model    string `json:"model,omitempty"`
	Status   string `json:"status,omitempty"`
	Code     string `json:"code,omitempty"`
	ImageURL string `json:"image_url,omitempty"`
	// AudioURL / VideoURL are data: or https URLs for in-browser media players.
	AudioURL string `json:"audio_url,omitempty"`
	VideoURL string `json:"video_url,omitempty"`
	MimeType string `json:"mime_type,omitempty"`
	Data     any    `json:"data,omitempty"`
	Success  bool   `json:"success,omitempty"`
	Error    string `json:"error,omitempty"`
}

// AccountTestOptions carries optional media for admin connectivity tests.
// ImageDataURL / AudioDataURL are full data URLs (data:<mime>;base64,...).
type AccountTestOptions struct {
	ImageDataURL string
	AudioDataURL string
}

func firstAccountTestOptions(opts []AccountTestOptions) AccountTestOptions {
	if len(opts) == 0 {
		return AccountTestOptions{}
	}
	return opts[0]
}

// maxAccountTestMediaBytes caps inbound data-URL payloads for admin tests (~8 MiB).
const maxAccountTestMediaBytes = 8 << 20

const (
	defaultGeminiTextTestPrompt  = "hi"
	defaultGeminiImageTestPrompt = "Generate a cute orange cat astronaut sticker on a clean pastel background."
	defaultOpenAIImageTestPrompt = "Generate a cute orange cat astronaut sticker on a clean pastel background."
	defaultGrokImageTestPrompt   = "Generate a cute orange cat astronaut sticker on a clean pastel background."
	defaultGrokVideoTestPrompt   = "A red ball bouncing once on a white floor, short simple motion."
	defaultGrokSearchTestQuery   = "xAI Grok"
	defaultGrokTTSTestText       = "Hello from Sub2API account connectivity test."

	// Grok account-test modes (admin UI). Empty / default / text = Responses probe.
	// image/video may also be inferred from model_id when mode is default.
	AccountTestModeGrokText     = "text"
	AccountTestModeGrokImage    = "image"
	AccountTestModeGrokVideo    = "video"
	AccountTestModeGrokSearch   = "search"
	AccountTestModeGrokTTS      = "tts"
	AccountTestModeGrokSTT      = "stt"
	AccountTestModeGrokRealtime = "realtime"

	defaultGrokRealtimeTestModel = "grok-voice-latest"
	grokRealtimeProbeTimeout     = 12 * time.Second
)

// isOpenAIImageModel checks if the model is an OpenAI image generation model (e.g. gpt-image-2).
func isOpenAIImageModel(model string) bool {
	return strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(model), "gpt-image-")
}

func isGrokVideoGenerationModel(model string) bool {
	return isGrokVideoBillingModel(model) ||
		strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(model)), "grok-video")
}

func normalizeGrokAccountTestMode(mode string) string {
	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(mode)) {
	case AccountTestModeGrokText:
		return AccountTestModeGrokText
	case AccountTestModeGrokImage:
		return AccountTestModeGrokImage
	case AccountTestModeGrokVideo:
		return AccountTestModeGrokVideo
	case AccountTestModeGrokSearch:
		return AccountTestModeGrokSearch
	case AccountTestModeGrokTTS:
		return AccountTestModeGrokTTS
	case AccountTestModeGrokSTT:
		return AccountTestModeGrokSTT
	case AccountTestModeGrokRealtime:
		return AccountTestModeGrokRealtime
	default:
		return AccountTestModeDefault
	}
}

// AccountTestService handles account testing operations
type AccountTestService struct {
	accountRepo               AccountRepository
	geminiTokenProvider       *GeminiTokenProvider
	claudeTokenProvider       *ClaudeTokenProvider
	grokTokenProvider         *GrokTokenProvider
	antigravityGatewayService *AntigravityGatewayService
	httpUpstream              HTTPUpstream
	cfg                       *config.Config
	settingService            *SettingService
	tlsFPProfileService       *TLSFingerprintProfileService
	agentIdentityTaskMu       sync.Mutex
	agentIdentityWS           agentIdentityWSConnectionInvalidator
	// grokWSDialer is optional; realtime account tests use the default OpenAI-style
	// WS dialer when nil (supports proxy + coder/websocket handshake).
	grokWSDialer openAIWSClientDialer
}

func (s *AccountTestService) SetSettingService(settingService *SettingService) {
	if s != nil {
		s.settingService = settingService
	}
}

// NewAccountTestService creates a new AccountTestService
func NewAccountTestService(
	accountRepo AccountRepository,
	geminiTokenProvider *GeminiTokenProvider,
	claudeTokenProvider *ClaudeTokenProvider,
	grokTokenProvider *GrokTokenProvider,
	antigravityGatewayService *AntigravityGatewayService,
	httpUpstream HTTPUpstream,
	cfg *config.Config,
	tlsFPProfileService *TLSFingerprintProfileService,
) *AccountTestService {
	return &AccountTestService{
		accountRepo:               accountRepo,
		geminiTokenProvider:       geminiTokenProvider,
		claudeTokenProvider:       claudeTokenProvider,
		grokTokenProvider:         grokTokenProvider,
		antigravityGatewayService: antigravityGatewayService,
		httpUpstream:              httpUpstream,
		cfg:                       cfg,
		tlsFPProfileService:       tlsFPProfileService,
	}
}

func (s *AccountTestService) validateUpstreamBaseURL(raw string) (string, error) {
	if s.cfg == nil {
		return "", errors.New("config is not available")
	}
	if !s.cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.Enabled {
		return urlvalidator.ValidateURLFormat(raw, s.cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.AllowInsecureHTTP)
	}
	normalized, err := urlvalidator.ValidateHTTPSURL(raw, urlvalidator.ValidationOptions{
		AllowedHosts:     s.cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.UpstreamHosts,
		RequireAllowlist: true,
		AllowPrivate:     s.cfg.Security.URLAllowlist.AllowPrivateHosts,
	})
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	return normalized, nil
}

// generateSessionString generates a Claude Code style session string.
// The output format is determined by the UA version in claude.DefaultHeaders,
// ensuring consistency between the user_id format and the UA sent to upstream.
func generateSessionString() (string, error) {
	b := make([]byte, 32)
	if _, err := rand.Read(b); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	hex64 := hex.EncodeToString(b)
	sessionUUID := uuid.New().String()
	uaVersion := ExtractCLIVersion(claude.DefaultHeaders["User-Agent"])
	return FormatMetadataUserID(hex64, "", sessionUUID, uaVersion), nil
}

// createTestPayload creates a Claude Code style test request payload
func createTestPayload(modelID string) (map[string]any, error) {
	sessionID, err := generateSessionString()
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	return map[string]any{
		"model": modelID,
		"messages": []map[string]any{
			{
				"role": "user",
				"content": []map[string]any{
					{
						"type": "text",
						"text": "hi",
						"cache_control": map[string]string{
							"type": "ephemeral",
						},
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"system": []map[string]any{
			{
				"type": "text",
				"text": claudeCodeSystemPrompt,
				"cache_control": map[string]string{
					"type": "ephemeral",
				},
			},
		},
		"metadata": map[string]string{
			"user_id": sessionID,
		},
		"max_tokens":  1024,
		"temperature": 1,
		"stream":      true,
	}, nil
}

// TestAccountConnection tests an account's connection by sending a test request
// All account types use full Claude Code client characteristics, only auth header differs
// modelID is optional - if empty, defaults to claude.DefaultTestModel
// mode is optional - "compact" routes OpenAI accounts to the /responses/compact probe path
// opts is optional media (image/audio data URLs for real generation / STT).
func (s *AccountTestService) TestAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, accountID int64, modelID string, prompt string, mode string, opts ...AccountTestOptions) error {
	ctx := c.Request.Context()
	testOpts := firstAccountTestOptions(opts)

	// Get account
	account, err := s.accountRepo.GetByID(ctx, accountID)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Account not found")
	}

	// Synthetic UI load-test accounts exercise the real SSE parsing and modal
	// interactions, but intentionally do not send their placeholder credentials
	// to an upstream provider.
	if account.IsSyntheticUITest() {
		testModelID := modelID
		if testModelID == "" {
			testModelID = claude.DefaultTestModel
		}
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: "Synthetic Anthropic OAuth account is healthy and interactive."})
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
		return nil
	}

	// Route to platform-specific test method
	if account.IsCNProvider() {
		switch account.GetAPIProtocol() {
		case APIProtocolAdaptive:
			return s.testCNProviderAdaptiveConnection(c, account, modelID, prompt)
		case APIProtocolChatCompletions:
			return s.testCNProviderChatCompletionsConnection(c, account, modelID, prompt)
		}
	}

	if account.IsOpenAI() {
		return s.testOpenAIAccountConnection(c, account, modelID, prompt, normalizeAccountTestMode(mode))
	}

	if account.IsGemini() {
		return s.testGeminiAccountConnection(c, account, modelID, prompt)
	}

	if account.Platform == PlatformGrok {
		return s.testGrokAccountConnection(c, account, modelID, prompt, mode, testOpts)
	}

	if account.Platform == PlatformAntigravity {
		return s.routeAntigravityTest(c, account, modelID, prompt)
	}

	return s.testClaudeAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
}

func (s *AccountTestService) testCNProviderChatCompletionsConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string, prompt string) error {
	testModelID := strings.TrimSpace(modelID)
	if testModelID == "" {
		testModelID = openai.DefaultTestModel
	}
	testModelID = account.GetMappedModel(testModelID)

	authToken := strings.TrimSpace(account.GetOpenAIProtocolAPIKey())
	if authToken == "" {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No API key available")
	}

	baseURL := account.GetOpenAIBaseURL()
	normalizedBaseURL, err := s.validateUpstreamBaseURL(baseURL)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid base URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	return s.testOpenAIChatCompletionsConnection(c, account, testModelID, prompt, normalizedBaseURL, authToken)
}

// testClaudeAccountConnection tests an Anthropic Claude account's connection
func (s *AccountTestService) testClaudeAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string) error {
	ctx := c.Request.Context()

	// Determine the model to use
	testModelID := modelID
	if testModelID == "" {
		testModelID = claude.DefaultTestModel
	}

	// API Key 账号测试连接时也需要应用通配符模型映射。
	if account.Type == "apikey" {
		testModelID = account.GetMappedModel(testModelID)
	}

	// Bedrock accounts use a separate test path
	if account.IsBedrock() {
		return s.testBedrockAccountConnection(c, ctx, account, testModelID)
	}
	if account.Type == AccountTypeServiceAccount {
		return s.testClaudeVertexServiceAccountConnection(c, ctx, account, testModelID)
	}

	// Determine authentication method and API URL
	var authToken string
	var apiURL string

	if account.IsOAuth() {
		apiURL = testClaudeAPIURL
		authToken = account.GetCredential("access_token")
		if authToken == "" {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No access token available")
		}
	} else if account.Type == "apikey" {
		authToken = account.GetCredential("api_key")
		if authToken == "" {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No API key available")
		}

		baseURL := account.GetBaseURL()
		if baseURL == "" {
			baseURL = "https://api.anthropic.com"
		}
		normalizedBaseURL, err := s.validateUpstreamBaseURL(baseURL)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid base URL: %s", err.Error()))
		}
		apiURL = strings.TrimSuffix(normalizedBaseURL, "/") + "/v1/messages?beta=true"
	} else {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Unsupported account type: %s", account.Type))
	}

	// Set SSE headers
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	// Create Claude Code style payload (same for all account types)
	payload, err := createTestPayload(testModelID)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create test payload")
	}
	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	// Send test_start event
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create request")
	}

	// Set common headers
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("anthropic-version", "2023-06-01")

	// Apply Claude Code client headers
	for key, value := range claude.DefaultHeaders {
		req.Header.Set(key, value)
	}

	// Set authentication header
	if account.IsOAuth() {
		req.Header.Set("anthropic-beta", claude.DefaultBetaHeader)
		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+authToken)
	} else {
		req.Header.Set("anthropic-beta", claude.APIKeyBetaHeader)
		setAnthropicAPIKeyAuthHeader(req.Header, account, authToken)
	}

	// 账号级请求头覆写：测试请求与真实转发保持一致的最终头
	account.ApplyHeaderOverrides(req.Header)

	// Get proxy URL
	proxyURL := ""
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
	}

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, s.tlsFPProfileService.ResolveTLSProfile(account))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))

		// 403 表示账号被上游封禁，标记为 error 状态
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusForbidden {
			_ = s.accountRepo.SetError(ctx, account.ID, errMsg)
		}

		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, errMsg)
	}

	// Process SSE stream
	return s.processClaudeStream(c, resp.Body)
}

func (s *AccountTestService) testClaudeVertexServiceAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, testModelID string) error {
	if mappedModel, matched := account.ResolveMappedModel(testModelID); matched {
		testModelID = mappedModel
	} else {
		testModelID = normalizeVertexAnthropicModelID(claude.NormalizeModelID(testModelID))
	}

	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	payload, err := createTestPayload(testModelID)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create test payload")
	}
	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)
	vertexBody, err := buildVertexAnthropicRequestBody(payloadBytes)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to create Vertex request body: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	if s.claudeTokenProvider == nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Claude token provider not configured")
	}
	accessToken, err := s.claudeTokenProvider.GetAccessToken(ctx, account)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to get service account access token: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	fullURL, err := buildVertexAnthropicURL(account.VertexProjectID(), account.VertexLocation(testModelID), testModelID, true)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to build Vertex URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, fullURL, bytes.NewReader(vertexBody))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create request")
	}
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)

	proxyURL := ""
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
	}

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, s.tlsFPProfileService.ResolveTLSProfile(account))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body))
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusForbidden {
			_ = s.accountRepo.SetError(ctx, account.ID, errMsg)
		}
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, errMsg)
	}

	return s.processClaudeStream(c, resp.Body)
}

// testBedrockAccountConnection tests a Bedrock (SigV4 or API Key) account using non-streaming invoke
func (s *AccountTestService) testBedrockAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, testModelID string) error {
	region := bedrockRuntimeRegion(account)
	resolvedModelID, ok := ResolveBedrockModelID(account, testModelID)
	if !ok {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Unsupported Bedrock model: %s", testModelID))
	}
	testModelID = resolvedModelID

	// Set SSE headers (test UI expects SSE)
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	// Create a minimal Bedrock-compatible payload (no stream, no cache_control)
	bedrockPayload := map[string]any{
		"anthropic_version": "bedrock-2023-05-31",
		"messages": []map[string]any{
			{
				"role": "user",
				"content": []map[string]any{
					{
						"type": "text",
						"text": "hi",
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"max_tokens":  256,
		"temperature": 1,
	}
	bedrockBody, _ := json.Marshal(bedrockPayload)

	// Use non-streaming endpoint (response is standard Claude JSON)
	apiURL := BuildBedrockURL(region, testModelID, false)

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", apiURL, bytes.NewReader(bedrockBody))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create request")
	}
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")

	// Sign or set auth based on account type
	if account.IsBedrockAPIKey() {
		apiKey := account.GetCredential("api_key")
		if apiKey == "" {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No API key available")
		}
		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+apiKey)
	} else {
		signer, err := NewBedrockSignerFromAccount(account)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to create Bedrock signer: %s", err.Error()))
		}
		if err := signer.SignRequest(ctx, req, bedrockBody); err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to sign request: %s", err.Error()))
		}
	}

	proxyURL := ""
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
	}

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()

	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
	}

	// Bedrock non-streaming response is standard Claude JSON, extract the text
	var result struct {
		Content []struct {
			Text string `json:"text"`
		} `json:"content"`
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse response: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	text := ""
	if len(result.Content) > 0 {
		text = result.Content[0].Text
	}
	if text == "" {
		text = "(empty response)"
	}

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: text})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

// testOpenAIAccountConnection tests an OpenAI account's connection
func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string, prompt string, mode string) error {
	ctx := c.Request.Context()
	mode = normalizeAccountTestMode(mode)

	// Default to openai.DefaultTestModel for OpenAI testing
	testModelID := modelID
	if testModelID == "" {
		testModelID = openai.DefaultTestModel
	}

	// Align test routing with gateway behavior: OpenAI accounts apply normal
	// account model mapping. Native remote compaction v2 rides the ordinary
	// /responses wire and does NOT apply the legacy compact-only mapping
	// (post-#5641 semantics: compact_model_mapping is /responses/compact-only).
	testModelID = account.GetMappedModel(testModelID)
	if mode == AccountTestModeCompact {
		return s.testOpenAICompactConnection(c, account, testModelID)
	}

	// Route to image generation test if an image model is selected
	if isOpenAIImageModel(testModelID) {
		imagePrompt := strings.TrimSpace(prompt)
		if imagePrompt == "" {
			imagePrompt = defaultOpenAIImageTestPrompt
		}
		if account.Type == "apikey" {
			return s.testOpenAIImageAPIKey(c, ctx, account, testModelID, imagePrompt)
		}
		return s.testOpenAIImageOAuth(c, ctx, account, testModelID, imagePrompt)
	}

	credentialAccount := account
	if account.IsCredentialShadow() {
		resolved, err := resolveCredentialAccount(ctx, s.accountRepo, account)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, err.Error())
		}
		credentialAccount = resolved
	}

	// Determine authentication method and API URL
	var authToken string
	var apiURL string
	var isOAuth bool

	if credentialAccount.IsOAuth() {
		isOAuth = true
		// Agent Identity signs each request and does not retain the OAuth token.
		if !credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() {
			authToken = credentialAccount.GetOpenAIAccessToken()
		}
		if authToken == "" && !credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No access token available")
		}

		// OAuth uses ChatGPT internal API
		apiURL = chatgptCodexAPIURL
	} else if credentialAccount.Type == "apikey" {
		// API Key - use Platform API
		authToken = credentialAccount.GetOpenAIApiKey()
		if authToken == "" {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No API key available")
		}

		baseURL := credentialAccount.GetOpenAIBaseURL()
		if baseURL == "" {
			baseURL = "https://api.openai.com"
		}
		normalizedBaseURL, err := s.validateUpstreamBaseURL(baseURL)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid base URL: %s", err.Error()))
		}
		if !openai_compat.ShouldUseResponsesAPI(account.Extra) {
			return s.testOpenAIChatCompletionsConnection(c, account, testModelID, prompt, normalizedBaseURL, authToken)
		}
		apiURL = buildOpenAIResponsesURL(normalizedBaseURL)
	} else {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Unsupported account type: %s", account.Type))
	}

	// Set SSE headers
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	// Create OpenAI Responses API payload. OAuth accounts use ChatGPT Codex
	// upstream and must apply the same model normalization as real forwarding.
	upstreamTestModelID := testModelID
	if isOAuth {
		upstreamTestModelID = normalizeOpenAIModelForUpstream(credentialAccount, testModelID)
	}
	payload := createOpenAITestPayload(upstreamTestModelID, isOAuth)
	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	// Send test_start event once. A task-invalid Agent Identity response may
	// restart this probe after registering a replacement task.
	if !agentIdentityTaskRecoveryWasTried(ctx) {
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create request")
	}
	req = req.WithContext(WithHTTPUpstreamProfile(req.Context(), HTTPUpstreamProfileOpenAI))

	// Set common headers
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	if !isOAuth {
		applyOpenAICodexProbeHeaders(req.Header)
	}
	if credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() {
		authHeaders, authErr := buildAgentIdentityAuthenticationHeaders(ctx, s.accountRepo, s.agentIdentityWS, &s.agentIdentityTaskMu, credentialAccount)
		if authErr != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to build Agent Identity authentication")
		}
		for key, values := range authHeaders {
			for _, value := range values {
				req.Header.Add(key, value)
			}
		}
	} else {
		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+authToken)
	}

	// Set OAuth-specific headers for ChatGPT internal API
	if isOAuth {
		req.Host = "chatgpt.com"
		req.Header.Set("accept", "text/event-stream")
		req.Header.Set("OpenAI-Beta", "responses=experimental")
		canonical := resolveCodexOutboundIdentity("")
		req.Header.Set("Originator", canonical.originator)
		if customUA := strings.TrimSpace(credentialAccount.GetOpenAIUserAgent()); customUA != "" {
			req.Header.Set("User-Agent", customUA)
		} else {
			req.Header.Set("User-Agent", canonical.userAgent)
		}
		setOpenAIChatGPTAccountHeaders(req.Header, credentialAccount)
		// 与真实转发一致：账号级自定义 UA 同样作为管理员显式配置传入，否则测试用的身份
		// 与该账号真实出站的身份不是同一个（issue #3901 的配对不变式由收口保证）。
		enforceCodexIdentityHeadersWithUA(req.Header, credentialAccount.GetOpenAIUserAgent())
	}

	// 账号级请求头覆写：测试请求与真实转发保持一致的最终头
	credentialAccount.ApplyHeaderOverrides(req.Header)

	// Get proxy URL
	proxyURL := ""
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
	}

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, s.tlsFPProfileService.ResolveTLSProfile(account))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()

	if isOAuth && s.accountRepo != nil {
		if updates, err := extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates(resp); err == nil && len(updates) > 0 {
			_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(ctx, account.ID, updates)
			mergeAccountExtra(account, updates)
		}
	}

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		body = redactAgentIdentitySensitiveBodyForAccount(ctx, s.accountRepo, credentialAccount, body)
		if !agentIdentityTaskRecoveryWasTried(ctx) && credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() && isAgentIdentityTaskInvalidHTTPResponse(resp.StatusCode, body) {
			expectedTaskID := credentialAccount.GetCredential("task_id")
			if err := ensureAgentIdentityTaskForAccount(ctx, s.accountRepo, s.agentIdentityWS, &s.agentIdentityTaskMu, credentialAccount, expectedTaskID); err != nil {
				return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Agent Identity task recovery failed: %s", err.Error()))
			}
			c.Request = c.Request.WithContext(markAgentIdentityTaskRecoveryTried(ctx))
			return s.testOpenAIAccountConnection(c, account, modelID, prompt, mode)
		}
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
			s.reconcileOpenAI429State(ctx, account, resp.Header, body)
		}
		// 401 Unauthorized: 标记账号为永久错误
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized && s.accountRepo != nil {
			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Authentication failed (401): %s", string(body))
			_ = s.accountRepo.SetError(ctx, account.ID, errMsg)
		}
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
	}

	// Process SSE stream
	return s.processOpenAIStream(c, resp.Body)
}

// testGrokAccountConnection routes Grok admin connectivity tests by explicit mode first,
// then by selected model family for media. Standalone modes (search/tts/stt) never share
// the text Responses path; image/video never hit Responses either.
//
// Modes:
//   - default/text → Responses (optional model)
//   - image → /v1/images/generations (model optional; defaults to grok-imagine-image)
//   - video → /v1/videos/generations (model optional; defaults to grok-imagine-video)
//   - search → standalone web-search probe (gateway /v1/web_search semantics)
//   - tts → HTTP /v1/tts
//   - stt → HTTP /v1/stt (synthetic tiny wav probe)
//   - realtime → WS /v1/realtime dial + optional first server event
//
// When mode is default, image/video can still be inferred from model_id for backward compat.
func (s *AccountTestService) testGrokAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID, prompt, mode string, opts AccountTestOptions) error {
	ctx := c.Request.Context()

	// Realtime is WebSocket-only and does not need HTTP upstream.
	mode = normalizeGrokAccountTestMode(mode)
	if mode != AccountTestModeGrokRealtime && s.httpUpstream == nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "HTTP upstream not configured")
	}

	authToken, err := s.grokTestAccessToken(ctx, account)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, err.Error())
	}

	// Explicit standalone / media modes always win over model id.
	switch mode {
	case AccountTestModeGrokSearch:
		return s.testGrokWebSearch(c, ctx, account, authToken, prompt)
	case AccountTestModeGrokTTS:
		return s.testGrokTTS(c, ctx, account, authToken, prompt)
	case AccountTestModeGrokSTT:
		return s.testGrokSTT(c, ctx, account, authToken, opts.AudioDataURL)
	case AccountTestModeGrokRealtime:
		return s.testGrokRealtime(c, ctx, account, authToken, modelID)
	case AccountTestModeGrokImage:
		return s.testGrokImageGeneration(c, ctx, account, authToken, resolveGrokImageTestModel(account, modelID), resolveGrokImagePrompt(prompt), opts.ImageDataURL)
	case AccountTestModeGrokVideo:
		return s.testGrokVideoGeneration(c, ctx, account, authToken, resolveGrokVideoTestModel(account, modelID), resolveGrokVideoPrompt(prompt), opts)
	case AccountTestModeGrokText:
		// Force text Responses even if model_id looks like media.
		testModelID := strings.TrimSpace(modelID)
		if testModelID == "" {
			testModelID = grokDefaultResponsesModel
		}
		if mapped := strings.TrimSpace(account.GetMappedModel(testModelID)); mapped != "" {
			testModelID = mapped
		}
		return s.testGrokResponsesConnection(c, ctx, account, authToken, testModelID)
	}

	// mode == default: infer from model family (legacy UI / API clients).
	testModelID := strings.TrimSpace(modelID)
	if testModelID == "" {
		testModelID = grokDefaultResponsesModel
	}
	if mapped := strings.TrimSpace(account.GetMappedModel(testModelID)); mapped != "" {
		testModelID = mapped
	}

	switch {
	case isGrokImageGenerationModel(testModelID):
		return s.testGrokImageGeneration(c, ctx, account, authToken, testModelID, resolveGrokImagePrompt(prompt), opts.ImageDataURL)
	case isGrokVideoGenerationModel(testModelID):
		return s.testGrokVideoGeneration(c, ctx, account, authToken, testModelID, resolveGrokVideoPrompt(prompt), opts)
	default:
		return s.testGrokResponsesConnection(c, ctx, account, authToken, testModelID)
	}
}

func resolveGrokImagePrompt(prompt string) string {
	if strings.TrimSpace(prompt) == "" {
		return defaultGrokImageTestPrompt
	}
	return strings.TrimSpace(prompt)
}

func resolveGrokVideoPrompt(prompt string) string {
	if strings.TrimSpace(prompt) == "" {
		return defaultGrokVideoTestPrompt
	}
	return strings.TrimSpace(prompt)
}

func resolveGrokImageTestModel(account *Account, modelID string) string {
	testModelID := strings.TrimSpace(modelID)
	if testModelID == "" {
		testModelID = "grok-imagine-image"
	}
	if mapped := strings.TrimSpace(account.GetMappedModel(testModelID)); mapped != "" {
		return mapped
	}
	return testModelID
}

func resolveGrokVideoTestModel(account *Account, modelID string) string {
	testModelID := strings.TrimSpace(modelID)
	if testModelID == "" {
		testModelID = "grok-imagine-video"
	}
	if mapped := strings.TrimSpace(account.GetMappedModel(testModelID)); mapped != "" {
		return mapped
	}
	return testModelID
}

func (s *AccountTestService) grokTestAccessToken(ctx context.Context, account *Account) (string, error) {
	switch account.Type {
	case AccountTypeOAuth:
		if s.grokTokenProvider == nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("grok token provider not configured")
		}
		// Manual tests skip production scheduling eligibility so paused/rate-limited
		// accounts can still be probed by admins (same as Codex/OpenAI tests).
		token, err := s.grokTokenProvider.GetAccessTokenForManualTest(ctx, account)
		if err != nil {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("failed to get grok access token: %s", err.Error())
		}
		return token, nil
	case AccountTypeAPIKey:
		authToken := strings.TrimSpace(account.GetCredential("api_key"))
		if authToken == "" {
			return "", fmt.Errorf("grok api key is missing")
		}
		return authToken, nil
	default:
		return "", fmt.Errorf("unsupported grok account type: %s", account.Type)
	}
}

func (s *AccountTestService) grokTestProxyURL(account *Account) string {
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		return account.Proxy.URL()
	}
	return ""
}

func (s *AccountTestService) prepareGrokTestSSE(c *gin.Context) {
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()
}

func (s *AccountTestService) applyGrokTestRequestHeaders(req *http.Request, account *Account, authToken string, accept string) {
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	if accept != "" {
		req.Header.Set("Accept", accept)
	}
	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+authToken)
	// Match gateway media/voice: CLI identity headers only on the CLI chat proxy.
	// api.x.ai media (images/videos) rejects or mistreats OAuth when CLI headers
	// are stamped on the official API host (e.g. ZDR upload_url false positives).
	if account.IsGrokOAuth() && req.URL != nil && isGrokCLIProxyTarget(req.URL.String()) {
		applyGrokCLIHeaders(req.Header)
	}
	account.ApplyHeaderOverrides(req.Header)
}

func (s *AccountTestService) observeGrokTestResponse(ctx context.Context, account *Account, resp *http.Response) {
	if resp == nil {
		return
	}
	now := time.Now()
	// Error bodies carry Grok's free-usage, billing, and content-policy
	// classifications when quota headers are absent. Read only non-success
	// responses here, then restore the body because the caller still needs it
	// for the user-facing test result.
	var responseBody []byte
	if resp.StatusCode >= http.StatusBadRequest && resp.Body != nil {
		responseBody, _ = io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		_ = resp.Body.Close()
		resp.Body = io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(responseBody))
	}
	snapshot := parseGrokQuotaSnapshot(resp.Header, resp.StatusCode, now)
	stampGrokQuotaSnapshotForPlan(account, snapshot, grokRequestedModelFromCtx(ctx))
	if snapshot != nil && s.accountRepo != nil {
		resetAt, limited := grokRateLimitResetAtForAccount(account, snapshot, now)
		if limited {
			normalizeGrokExhaustedWindowResets(snapshot, resetAt, now)
		}
		_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(ctx, account.ID, map[string]any{
			grokQuotaSnapshotExtraKey: snapshot,
		})
		if limited {
			persistGrokRateLimit(ctx, s.accountRepo, account, resetAt)
		} else if isSuccessfulGrokRateLimitRecovery(account, snapshot) {
			clearGrokRateLimitAfterRecovery(ctx, s.accountRepo, account)
		}
	} else if s.accountRepo != nil && isSuccessfulGrokRateLimitRecovery(account, &xai.QuotaSnapshot{StatusCode: resp.StatusCode}) {
		clearGrokRateLimitAfterRecovery(ctx, s.accountRepo, account)
	}
	if s.accountRepo == nil || len(responseBody) == 0 {
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusPaymentRequired && s.accountRepo != nil {
			stateCtx, cancel := openAIAccountStateContext(ctx)
			defer cancel()
			_ = s.accountRepo.SetTempUnschedulable(stateCtx, account.ID, now.Add(30*time.Minute), "grok payment required")
		}
		return
	}
	if isGrokContentPolicyRejection(resp.StatusCode, responseBody) {
		return
	}
	decision := classifyGrokUpstreamFailure(resp.StatusCode, responseBody, "")
	if decision.Class == GrokFailureFreeUsage {
		if resetAt, limited := grokRateLimitResetAtForAccount(account, snapshot, now); limited && resetAt.After(now) {
			persistGrokRateLimit(ctx, s.accountRepo, account, resetAt)
		} else {
			stateCtx, cancel := openAIAccountStateContext(ctx)
			_ = s.accountRepo.SetTempUnschedulable(stateCtx, account.ID, now.Add(grokFreeUsageProbeCooldown), "grok free usage exhausted")
			cancel()
		}
		return
	}
	if decision.Class == GrokFailureBilling && (isGrokSpendingLimitError(responseBody) || strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(decision.Reason), "credit")) {
		persistGrokRateLimit(ctx, s.accountRepo, account, grokSpendingLimitResetAt(account, now))
		return
	}
	cooldown := time.Duration(0)
	reason := ""
	switch resp.StatusCode {
	case http.StatusUnauthorized:
		cooldown, reason = 10*time.Minute, "grok oauth token unauthorized"
	case http.StatusPaymentRequired:
		cooldown, reason = 30*time.Minute, "grok payment required"
	case http.StatusForbidden:
		cooldown, reason = 30*time.Minute, "grok entitlement or subscription tier denied"
	default:
		if resp.StatusCode >= 500 {
			cooldown, reason = 2*time.Minute, "grok upstream temporary error"
		}
	}
	if decision.Class == GrokFailureBilling && cooldown == 0 {
		cooldown, reason = 30*time.Minute, "grok payment required"
	}
	if cooldown > 0 {
		stateCtx, cancel := openAIAccountStateContext(ctx)
		defer cancel()
		until := now.Add(cooldown)
		if account.TempUnschedulableUntil != nil && account.TempUnschedulableUntil.After(until) {
			until = *account.TempUnschedulableUntil
		}
		_ = s.accountRepo.SetTempUnschedulable(
			stateCtx,
			account.ID,
			until,
			reason,
		)
	}
}

func (s *AccountTestService) testGrokResponsesConnection(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, authToken, testModelID string) error {
	apiURL, err := buildGrokResponsesURL(account, s.cfg, s.settingService)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok base URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	s.prepareGrokTestSSE(c)

	payloadBytes, err := buildGrokQuotaProbeBody(testModelID)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Grok test payload")
	}

	if !agentIdentityTaskRecoveryWasTried(ctx) {
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Grok request")
	}
	s.applyGrokTestRequestHeaders(req, account, authToken, "application/json, text/event-stream")

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.Do(req, s.grokTestProxyURL(account), account.ID, account.Concurrency)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok Responses API request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()

	s.observeGrokTestResponse(withGrokTeamRateLimitModel(ctx, testModelID), account, resp)

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok Responses API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
	}

	return s.processOpenAIStream(c, resp.Body)
}

func (s *AccountTestService) testGrokImageGeneration(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, authToken, modelID, prompt, imageDataURL string) error {
	// With a source image, prefer /images/edits; otherwise /images/generations.
	endpoint := GrokMediaEndpointImagesGenerations
	imageDataURL = strings.TrimSpace(imageDataURL)
	hasSourceImage := imageDataURL != ""
	if hasSourceImage {
		endpoint = GrokMediaEndpointImagesEdits
	}

	// Align model aliases with gateway (e.g. grok-imagine → grok-imagine-image-quality).
	modelID = NormalizeGrokMediaModelForEndpoint(endpoint, modelID, hasSourceImage)
	if modelID == "" {
		modelID = "grok-imagine-image-quality"
	}

	apiURL, err := buildGrokMediaURL(account, s.cfg, endpoint, "")
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok media base URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	s.prepareGrokTestSSE(c)
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: modelID})
	if endpoint == GrokMediaEndpointImagesEdits {
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Calling Grok /v1/images/edits with uploaded source image..."})
	} else {
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Calling Grok /v1/images/generations..."})
	}

	// Zero-data-retention teams reject URL format; always request base64 for admin tests.
	payload := map[string]any{
		"model":           modelID,
		"prompt":          prompt,
		"n":               1,
		"response_format": "b64_json",
	}
	if hasSourceImage {
		normalized, err := normalizeAccountTestImageDataURL(imageDataURL)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, err.Error())
		}
		// Match gateway prepareGrokMediaForwardBody shape: {url, type:image_url}.
		payload["image"] = grokMediaImageObject(normalized)
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: fmt.Sprintf("source image ready (%d chars data URL)\n", len(normalized))})
	}
	payloadBytes, err := json.Marshal(payload)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to marshal Grok image request")
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Grok image request")
	}
	s.applyGrokTestRequestHeaders(req, account, authToken, "application/json")
	req.ContentLength = int64(len(payloadBytes))
	req.GetBody = func() (io.ReadCloser, error) {
		return io.NopCloser(bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes)), nil
	}

	// One retry on transport EOF (proxies occasionally drop large edit payloads).
	var resp *http.Response
	var doErr error
	for attempt := 0; attempt < 2; attempt++ {
		if attempt > 0 {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Retrying Grok image request after transport error..."})
			req, err = http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
			if err != nil {
				return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Grok image retry request")
			}
			s.applyGrokTestRequestHeaders(req, account, authToken, "application/json")
			req.ContentLength = int64(len(payloadBytes))
		}
		resp, doErr = s.httpUpstream.Do(req, s.grokTestProxyURL(account), account.ID, account.Concurrency)
		if doErr == nil {
			break
		}
		if !isTransientGrokTransportError(doErr) || attempt == 1 {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, formatGrokImageTransportError(doErr, hasSourceImage, len(payloadBytes)))
		}
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
	s.observeGrokTestResponse(ctx, account, resp)

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to read Grok image response: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, formatGrokImagesAPIError(resp.StatusCode, body, hasSourceImage))
	}

	var result struct {
		Data []struct {
			URL           string `json:"url"`
			B64JSON       string `json:"b64_json"`
			RevisedPrompt string `json:"revised_prompt"`
			MimeType      string `json:"mime_type"`
		} `json:"data"`
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse Grok image response: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	if len(result.Data) == 0 {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No images returned from Grok API")
	}

	for _, item := range result.Data {
		if item.RevisedPrompt != "" {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: item.RevisedPrompt})
		}
		mimeType := strings.TrimSpace(item.MimeType)
		if mimeType == "" {
			mimeType = "image/jpeg"
		}
		switch {
		case strings.TrimSpace(item.B64JSON) != "":
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{
				Type:     "image",
				ImageURL: "data:" + mimeType + ";base64," + item.B64JSON,
				MimeType: mimeType,
			})
		case strings.TrimSpace(item.URL) != "":
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "image", ImageURL: item.URL, MimeType: mimeType})
		}
	}
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

func (s *AccountTestService) testGrokVideoGeneration(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, authToken, modelID, prompt string, opts AccountTestOptions) error {
	apiURL, err := buildGrokMediaURL(account, s.cfg, GrokMediaEndpointVideosGenerations, "")
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok media base URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	s.prepareGrokTestSSE(c)
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: modelID})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Calling Grok /v1/videos/generations..."})

	payload := map[string]any{
		"model":        modelID,
		"prompt":       prompt,
		"duration":     6,
		"aspect_ratio": "16:9",
		"resolution":   "480p",
	}
	if img := strings.TrimSpace(opts.ImageDataURL); img != "" {
		normalized, err := normalizeAccountTestImageDataURL(img)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, err.Error())
		}
		// First-frame / image-to-video input (xAI image field).
		payload["image"] = grokMediaImageObject(normalized)
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: "using uploaded first-frame / reference image\n"})
	}
	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Grok video request")
	}
	s.applyGrokTestRequestHeaders(req, account, authToken, "application/json")

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.Do(req, s.grokTestProxyURL(account), account.ID, account.Concurrency)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok video request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
	s.observeGrokTestResponse(ctx, account, resp)

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to read Grok video response: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK && resp.StatusCode != http.StatusAccepted && resp.StatusCode != http.StatusCreated {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok videos API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
	}

	requestID := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(body, "request_id").String())
	if requestID == "" {
		requestID = strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(body, "id").String())
	}
	if requestID == "" {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok video create response missing request_id: %s", string(body)))
	}

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: fmt.Sprintf("video request accepted: %s\n", requestID)})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Polling video status until done (max ~60s)..."})

	statusURL, err := buildGrokMediaURL(account, s.cfg, GrokMediaEndpointVideoStatus, requestID)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok video status URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	deadline := time.Now().Add(60 * time.Second)
	for time.Now().Before(deadline) {
		if ctx.Err() != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Grok video poll canceled")
		}
		statusReq, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, statusURL, nil)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Grok video status request")
		}
		s.applyGrokTestRequestHeaders(statusReq, account, authToken, "application/json")
		statusResp, err := s.httpUpstream.Do(statusReq, s.grokTestProxyURL(account), account.ID, account.Concurrency)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok video status failed: %s", err.Error()))
		}
		statusBody, _ := io.ReadAll(statusResp.Body)
		_ = statusResp.Body.Close()
		if statusResp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK && statusResp.StatusCode != http.StatusAccepted {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok video status returned %d: %s", statusResp.StatusCode, string(statusBody)))
		}
		st := strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(statusBody, "status").String()))
		progress := gjson.GetBytes(statusBody, "progress")
		if progress.Exists() {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: fmt.Sprintf("status=%s progress=%v", st, progress.Value())})
		} else {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "status=" + st})
		}
		switch st {
		case "done", "completed", "succeeded", "success":
			return s.emitGrokVideoResult(c, ctx, account, authToken, requestID, statusBody)
		case "failed", "error", "canceled", "cancelled":
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok video failed: %s", string(statusBody)))
		}
		select {
		case <-ctx.Done():
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Grok video poll canceled")
		case <-time.After(3 * time.Second):
		}
	}
	return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Grok video still processing after 60s (request_id="+requestID+")")
}

// emitGrokVideoResult surfaces a playable video URL or downloads /content as data URL.
func (s *AccountTestService) emitGrokVideoResult(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, authToken, requestID string, statusBody []byte) error {
	videoURL := firstNonEmpty(
		strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(statusBody, "video.url").String()),
		strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(statusBody, "url").String()),
		strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(statusBody, "video_url").String()),
		strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(statusBody, "download_url").String()),
	)
	if videoURL != "" && (strings.HasPrefix(videoURL, "http://") || strings.HasPrefix(videoURL, "https://") || strings.HasPrefix(videoURL, "data:")) {
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: "video ready: " + videoURL + "\n"})
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "video", VideoURL: videoURL, MimeType: "video/mp4"})
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
		return nil
	}

	// Fetch binary content via official /videos/{id}/content (Bearer-authenticated).
	contentURL, err := buildGrokMediaURL(account, s.cfg, GrokMediaEndpointVideoContent, requestID)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok video content URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Downloading video content for preview..."})
	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodGet, contentURL, nil)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Grok video content request")
	}
	s.applyGrokTestRequestHeaders(req, account, authToken, "video/*, application/octet-stream, */*")
	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.Do(req, s.grokTestProxyURL(account), account.ID, account.Concurrency)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok video content download failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
	body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 64<<20)) // 64 MiB cap for admin preview
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		// Fall back to status URL when binary content is unavailable.
		if videoURL != "" {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: "video completed; content download unavailable, reported url=" + videoURL + "\n"})
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "video", VideoURL: videoURL, MimeType: "video/mp4"})
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
			return nil
		}
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok video content returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, truncateString(string(body), 300)))
	}
	ct := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
	if ct == "" || strings.HasPrefix(ct, "application/octet-stream") {
		ct = "video/mp4"
	}
	// Keep only type/subtype for data URL.
	if i := strings.Index(ct, ";"); i >= 0 {
		ct = strings.TrimSpace(ct[:i])
	}
	dataURL := "data:" + ct + ";base64," + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(body)
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: fmt.Sprintf("video content downloaded: content-type=%s bytes=%d\n", ct, len(body))})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "video", VideoURL: dataURL, MimeType: ct})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

func (s *AccountTestService) testGrokWebSearch(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, authToken, query string) error {
	query = strings.TrimSpace(query)
	if query == "" {
		query = defaultGrokSearchTestQuery
	}

	// Account-test "web_search" mode mirrors the standalone gateway endpoint
	// POST /v1/web_search (not a free-form chat with tools). Implementation still
	// uses the same DoGrokNativeResponsesJSON helper as the gateway handler so
	// results match production search.
	s.prepareGrokTestSSE(c)
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: "grok-web-search"})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Calling standalone web_search probe (same as gateway /v1/web_search)..."})

	// Keep parity with handler.buildGrokWebSearchPrompt / include sources.
	const maxResults = 5
	prompt := fmt.Sprintf(
		`Search the web for the user query below. Return ONLY valid JSON with this exact shape: {"results":[{"url":"https://...","title":"page title","snippet":"concise factual summary"}]}. Return at most %d unique results. Every URL must be an actual web_search source. Populate a non-empty title and snippet for every result. Do not wrap the JSON in markdown.

User query:
%s`, maxResults, query)
	payload := map[string]any{
		"model":   grokDefaultResponsesModel,
		"input":   prompt,
		"tools":   []map[string]any{{"type": "web_search"}},
		"include": []string{"web_search_call.action.sources"},
		"store":   false,
		"stream":  false,
	}
	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	apiURL, err := buildGrokResponsesURL(account, s.cfg, s.settingService)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok base URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create standalone web_search probe request")
	}
	s.applyGrokTestRequestHeaders(req, account, authToken, "application/json")

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.Do(req, s.grokTestProxyURL(account), account.ID, account.Concurrency)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("standalone web_search probe failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
	s.observeGrokTestResponse(withGrokTeamRateLimitModel(ctx, grokDefaultResponsesModel), account, resp)

	body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("standalone web_search probe returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
	}

	// Normalize like gateway extractGrokWebSearchSources (URL-only sources are enough for connectivity).
	sourceCount := 0
	gjson.GetBytes(body, "output").ForEach(func(_, item gjson.Result) bool {
		if item.Get("type").String() != "web_search_call" {
			return true
		}
		sources := item.Get("action.sources")
		if sources.IsArray() {
			sourceCount += len(sources.Array())
		}
		return true
	})
	searchCount := countGrokNativeSearchCallsFromJSONBytes(body)
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: fmt.Sprintf("web_search ok: query=%q tool_calls=%d sources=%d\n", query, searchCount, sourceCount)})
	// Optional: first structured result title if model returned JSON text.
	gjson.GetBytes(body, "output").ForEach(func(_, item gjson.Result) bool {
		if item.Get("type").String() != "message" {
			return true
		}
		for _, part := range item.Get("content").Array() {
			text := strings.TrimSpace(part.Get("text").String())
			if text == "" {
				continue
			}
			if len(text) > 300 {
				text = text[:300] + "..."
			}
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: text + "\n"})
			return false
		}
		return true
	})
	if searchCount == 0 && sourceCount == 0 {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "standalone web_search probe completed but no search sources/tool calls were observed")
	}
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

func (s *AccountTestService) testGrokTTS(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, authToken, text string) error {
	text = strings.TrimSpace(text)
	if text == "" {
		text = defaultGrokTTSTestText
	}
	apiURL, err := buildGrokVoiceURL(account, s.cfg, "tts")
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok TTS URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	s.prepareGrokTestSSE(c)
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: "grok-voice-tts"})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Calling standalone /v1/tts..."})

	// xAI requires `language`; optional voice_id. Prefer the shape that matches
	// live gateway probes (text + language [+ voice_id]).
	payloads := []map[string]any{
		{"text": text, "language": "en", "voice_id": "Ara"},
		{"text": text, "language": "en"},
		{"text": text, "language": "English", "voice_id": "Ara"},
	}
	var lastBody string
	var lastCode int
	for _, payload := range payloads {
		payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)
		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Grok TTS request")
		}
		s.applyGrokTestRequestHeaders(req, account, authToken, "audio/*, application/json, */*")
		resp, err := s.httpUpstream.Do(req, s.grokTestProxyURL(account), account.ID, account.Concurrency)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok TTS failed: %s", err.Error()))
		}
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		_ = resp.Body.Close()
		s.observeGrokTestResponse(ctx, account, resp)
		lastCode = resp.StatusCode
		lastBody = string(body)
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusOK {
			ct := resp.Header.Get("Content-Type")
			if ct == "" {
				ct = "audio/mpeg"
			}
			if i := strings.Index(ct, ";"); i >= 0 {
				ct = strings.TrimSpace(ct[:i])
			}
			// Cap preview size so SSE stays manageable (~4 MiB audio).
			if len(body) > 4<<20 {
				body = body[:4<<20]
			}
			audioURL := "data:" + ct + ";base64," + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(body)
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: fmt.Sprintf("tts ok: content-type=%s bytes=%d\n", ct, len(body))})
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "audio", AudioURL: audioURL, MimeType: ct})
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
			return nil
		}
		if resp.StatusCode < 400 || resp.StatusCode >= 500 {
			break
		}
	}
	return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok TTS returned %d: %s", lastCode, lastBody))
}

// testGrokSTT posts audio to /v1/stt. When audioDataURL is set, uses the
// uploaded file; otherwise a tiny synthetic silent WAV for connectivity only.
func (s *AccountTestService) testGrokSTT(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, authToken, audioDataURL string) error {
	apiURL, err := buildGrokVoiceURL(account, s.cfg, "stt")
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok STT URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	s.prepareGrokTestSSE(c)
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: "grok-voice-stt"})

	var audioBytes []byte
	filename := "probe.wav"
	if audioDataURL = strings.TrimSpace(audioDataURL); audioDataURL != "" {
		if err := validateAccountTestDataURL(audioDataURL, "audio/"); err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, err.Error())
		}
		raw, mime, err := decodeAccountTestDataURL(audioDataURL)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Invalid audio data URL: "+err.Error())
		}
		audioBytes = raw
		filename = sttFilenameForMIME(mime)
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Calling standalone /v1/stt with uploaded audio..."})
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: fmt.Sprintf("uploaded audio: mime=%s bytes=%d\n", mime, len(audioBytes))})
	} else {
		audioBytes = minimalSilentWAV()
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Calling standalone /v1/stt with a synthetic silent WAV..."})
	}

	var bodyBuf bytes.Buffer
	w := multipart.NewWriter(&bodyBuf)
	part, err := w.CreateFormFile("file", filename)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to build STT multipart body")
	}
	if _, err := part.Write(audioBytes); err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to write STT audio part")
	}
	_ = w.WriteField("model", "grok-stt")
	_ = w.WriteField("language", "en")
	if err := w.Close(); err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to finalize STT multipart body")
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, &bodyBuf)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Grok STT request")
	}
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", w.FormDataContentType())
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+authToken)
	if account.IsGrokOAuth() {
		applyGrokCLIHeaders(req.Header)
	}
	account.ApplyHeaderOverrides(req.Header)

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.Do(req, s.grokTestProxyURL(account), account.ID, account.Concurrency)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok STT failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()
	s.observeGrokTestResponse(ctx, account, resp)
	respBody, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		// 4xx on synthetic audio still proves the STT endpoint is wired; report clearly.
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok STT returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(respBody)))
	}
	text := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(respBody, "text").String())
	if text == "" {
		text = strings.TrimSpace(string(respBody))
		if len(text) > 200 {
			text = text[:200] + "..."
		}
	}
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: fmt.Sprintf("stt ok: %s\n", text)})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

// testGrokRealtime dials the standalone xAI Voice Realtime WebSocket
// (wss://api.x.ai/v1/realtime?model=...) to verify auth + endpoint reachability.
// It does not run a full audio session — success is WS handshake, optionally
// enriched with the first server event type when one arrives quickly.
func (s *AccountTestService) testGrokRealtime(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, authToken, modelID string) error {
	model := strings.TrimSpace(modelID)
	if model == "" {
		model = defaultGrokRealtimeTestModel
	}
	if mapped := strings.TrimSpace(account.GetMappedModel(model)); mapped != "" {
		model = mapped
	}

	base, err := buildGrokVoiceURL(account, s.cfg, "realtime")
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok Realtime URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	u, err := url.Parse(base)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid Grok Realtime URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	switch strings.ToLower(u.Scheme) {
	case "https":
		u.Scheme = "wss"
	case "http":
		u.Scheme = "ws"
	case "wss", "ws":
		// already websocket
	default:
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Invalid Grok Realtime URL scheme")
	}
	q := u.Query()
	if q.Get("model") == "" {
		q.Set("model", model)
	}
	u.RawQuery = q.Encode()
	wsURL := u.String()

	s.prepareGrokTestSSE(c)
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: model})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "Dialing standalone wss /v1/realtime (connectivity probe)..."})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: fmt.Sprintf("realtime target: %s\n", redactGrokRealtimeURLForLog(wsURL))})

	headers := http.Header{}
	headers.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+authToken)
	if account.IsGrokOAuth() {
		applyGrokCLIHeaders(headers)
	}
	account.ApplyHeaderOverrides(headers)

	dialer := s.grokWSDialer
	if dialer == nil {
		dialer = newDefaultOpenAIWSClientDialer()
	}

	dialCtx, cancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, grokRealtimeProbeTimeout)
	defer cancel()

	conn, status, _, dialErr := dialer.Dial(dialCtx, wsURL, headers, s.grokTestProxyURL(account))
	if dialErr != nil {
		detail := dialErr.Error()
		var hs *openAIWSHandshakeError
		if errors.As(dialErr, &hs) && len(hs.Body) > 0 {
			body := strings.TrimSpace(string(hs.Body))
			if len(body) > 300 {
				body = body[:300] + "..."
			}
			detail = fmt.Sprintf("%s body=%s", detail, body)
		}
		if status > 0 {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok Realtime WS handshake failed (HTTP %d): %s", status, detail))
		}
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Grok Realtime WS dial failed: %s", detail))
	}
	defer func() { _ = conn.Close() }()

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: "realtime ws handshake ok\n"})

	// Best-effort: read one server event if it arrives quickly (session.created etc.).
	// Handshake alone is enough for connectivity; missing first event is not a failure.
	readCtx, readCancel := context.WithTimeout(ctx, 3*time.Second)
	defer readCancel()
	if msg, readErr := conn.ReadMessage(readCtx); readErr == nil && len(msg) > 0 {
		eventType := strings.TrimSpace(gjson.GetBytes(msg, "type").String())
		if eventType == "" {
			eventType = "unknown"
		}
		preview := strings.TrimSpace(string(msg))
		if len(preview) > 240 {
			preview = preview[:240] + "..."
		}
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{
			Type: "content",
			Text: fmt.Sprintf("realtime first event: type=%s payload=%s\n", eventType, preview),
		})
	} else {
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{
			Type: "content",
			Text: "realtime handshake succeeded (no server event within 3s; still connectivity OK)\n",
		})
	}

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

// validateAccountTestDataURL ensures data URLs are well-formed and size-bounded.
func validateAccountTestDataURL(raw, requiredPrefix string) error {
	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
	if raw == "" {
		return fmt.Errorf("media data URL is empty")
	}
	if !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "data:") {
		return fmt.Errorf("media must be a data: URL (data:<mime>;base64,...)")
	}
	// Rough size check before decode (base64 expands ~4/3).
	if len(raw) > maxAccountTestMediaBytes*2 {
		return fmt.Errorf("media data URL exceeds size limit")
	}
	_, mime, err := decodeAccountTestDataURL(raw)
	if err != nil {
		return err
	}
	if requiredPrefix != "" && !strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(mime), strings.ToLower(requiredPrefix)) {
		return fmt.Errorf("expected media type prefix %q, got %q", requiredPrefix, mime)
	}
	return nil
}

// normalizeAccountTestImageDataURL validates an image data URL, enforces xAI
// minimum dimensions (8x8), and rewrites to a clean data:image/<type>;base64,... form.
func normalizeAccountTestImageDataURL(raw string) (string, error) {
	if err := validateAccountTestDataURL(raw, "image/"); err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	data, mime, err := decodeAccountTestDataURL(raw)
	if err != nil {
		return "", err
	}
	// Soft cap decoded bytes (~4 MiB) for edit payloads to avoid upstream/proxy EOF.
	const maxDecodedImage = 4 << 20
	if len(data) > maxDecodedImage {
		return "", fmt.Errorf(
			"source image is too large (%d bytes decoded). Please use a smaller image (under ~4 MB) for admin edit tests",
			len(data),
		)
	}
	cfg, _, err := image.DecodeConfig(bytes.NewReader(data))
	if err != nil {
		// Keep raw data URL if decoder does not understand the codec (e.g. webp
		// without golang.org/x/image/webp); still send upstream and let xAI validate.
		return "data:" + mime + ";base64," + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(data), nil
	}
	if cfg.Width < 8 || cfg.Height < 8 {
		return "", fmt.Errorf(
			"source image is too small (%dx%d). xAI requires both width and height to be at least 8 pixels",
			cfg.Width, cfg.Height,
		)
	}
	// Prefer a stable mime from config when known.
	if mime == "" || mime == "application/octet-stream" {
		mime = "image/png"
	}
	return "data:" + mime + ";base64," + base64.StdEncoding.EncodeToString(data), nil
}

func isTransientGrokTransportError(err error) bool {
	if err == nil {
		return false
	}
	msg := strings.ToLower(err.Error())
	return strings.Contains(msg, "unexpected eof") ||
		strings.Contains(msg, "connection reset") ||
		strings.Contains(msg, "broken pipe") ||
		strings.Contains(msg, "i/o timeout") ||
		strings.Contains(msg, "timeout awaiting response")
}

func formatGrokImageTransportError(err error, hasSourceImage bool, payloadBytes int) string {
	base := fmt.Sprintf("Grok image request failed: %s", err.Error())
	if !hasSourceImage {
		return base
	}
	return base + fmt.Sprintf(
		" (edit payload ~%d bytes). Tips: use a smaller source image (<4 MB / lower resolution), ensure the account proxy is stable, and retry. xAI /images/edits expects image as {\"url\":\"data:image/...;base64,...\",\"type\":\"image_url\"}.",
		payloadBytes,
	)
}

func formatGrokImagesAPIError(status int, body []byte, hasSourceImage bool) string {
	msg := strings.TrimSpace(string(body))
	if len(msg) > 800 {
		msg = msg[:800] + "..."
	}
	prefix := fmt.Sprintf("Grok images API returned %d: %s", status, msg)
	lower := strings.ToLower(msg)
	if hasSourceImage && (strings.Contains(lower, "too small") || strings.Contains(lower, "at least 8")) {
		return prefix + " — upload a source image with both width and height ≥ 8 px."
	}
	return prefix
}

func decodeAccountTestDataURL(raw string) (data []byte, mime string, err error) {
	raw = strings.TrimSpace(raw)
	if !strings.HasPrefix(raw, "data:") {
		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("not a data URL")
	}
	rest := strings.TrimPrefix(raw, "data:")
	comma := strings.Index(rest, ",")
	if comma < 0 {
		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("invalid data URL (missing comma)")
	}
	meta := rest[:comma]
	payload := rest[comma+1:]
	mime = "application/octet-stream"
	if semi := strings.Index(meta, ";"); semi >= 0 {
		if t := strings.TrimSpace(meta[:semi]); t != "" {
			mime = t
		}
	} else if t := strings.TrimSpace(meta); t != "" {
		mime = t
	}
	if !strings.Contains(strings.ToLower(meta), ";base64") {
		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("only base64 data URLs are supported")
	}
	decoded, err := base64.StdEncoding.DecodeString(payload)
	if err != nil {
		// Some browsers emit URL-safe base64 without padding.
		decoded, err = base64.RawStdEncoding.DecodeString(strings.TrimRight(payload, "="))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("base64 decode failed: %w", err)
		}
	}
	if len(decoded) == 0 {
		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("decoded media is empty")
	}
	if len(decoded) > maxAccountTestMediaBytes {
		return nil, "", fmt.Errorf("media exceeds %d byte limit", maxAccountTestMediaBytes)
	}
	return decoded, mime, nil
}

func sttFilenameForMIME(mime string) string {
	switch strings.ToLower(strings.TrimSpace(mime)) {
	case "audio/mpeg", "audio/mp3":
		return "upload.mp3"
	case "audio/wav", "audio/x-wav", "audio/wave":
		return "upload.wav"
	case "audio/webm":
		return "upload.webm"
	case "audio/ogg", "audio/opus":
		return "upload.ogg"
	case "audio/mp4", "audio/m4a", "audio/x-m4a":
		return "upload.m4a"
	default:
		return "upload.bin"
	}
}

// redactGrokRealtimeURLForLog strips query secrets while keeping model for diagnostics.
func redactGrokRealtimeURLForLog(raw string) string {
	u, err := url.Parse(strings.TrimSpace(raw))
	if err != nil || u == nil {
		return raw
	}
	// Keep model query only.
	model := u.Query().Get("model")
	u.RawQuery = ""
	if model != "" {
		u.RawQuery = "model=" + url.QueryEscape(model)
	}
	// Never log bearer in fragment/userinfo.
	u.User = nil
	u.Fragment = ""
	return u.String()
}

// minimalSilentWAV returns a valid tiny mono 8kHz 16-bit PCM WAV (~0.05s silence).
func minimalSilentWAV() []byte {
	// 400 samples * 2 bytes = 800 data bytes
	const sampleRate = 8000
	const numSamples = 400
	dataSize := numSamples * 2
	buf := make([]byte, 44+dataSize)
	copy(buf[0:], []byte("RIFF"))
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(buf[4:], uint32(36+dataSize))
	copy(buf[8:], []byte("WAVE"))
	copy(buf[12:], []byte("fmt "))
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(buf[16:], 16) // PCM chunk size
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(buf[20:], 1)  // PCM
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(buf[22:], 1)  // mono
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(buf[24:], sampleRate)
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(buf[28:], sampleRate*2) // byte rate
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(buf[32:], 2)            // block align
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint16(buf[34:], 16)           // bits
	copy(buf[36:], []byte("data"))
	binary.LittleEndian.PutUint32(buf[40:], uint32(dataSize))
	// samples already zero (silence)
	return buf
}

// testOpenAIChatCompletionsConnection tests an OpenAI-compatible APIKey account
// through the raw /v1/chat/completions endpoint.
func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIChatCompletionsConnection(
	c *gin.Context,
	account *Account,
	testModelID string,
	prompt string,
	normalizedBaseURL string,
	authToken string,
) error {
	ctx := c.Request.Context()
	apiURL := buildOpenAIChatCompletionsURL(normalizedBaseURL)

	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	payload := createOpenAIChatCompletionsTestPayload(testModelID, prompt)
	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "正在通过 /v1/chat/completions 测试连接"})

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create Chat Completions request")
	}
	req = req.WithContext(WithHTTPUpstreamProfile(req.Context(), HTTPUpstreamProfileOpenAI))
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "text/event-stream")
	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+authToken)

	// 账号级请求头覆写：测试请求与真实转发保持一致的最终头
	account.ApplyHeaderOverrides(req.Header)

	proxyURL := ""
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
	}

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, s.tlsFPProfileService.ResolveTLSProfile(account))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Chat Completions API (/v1/chat/completions) request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
			s.reconcileOpenAI429State(ctx, account, resp.Header, body)
		}
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized && s.accountRepo != nil {
			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Chat Completions authentication failed (401): %s", string(body))
			_ = s.accountRepo.SetError(ctx, account.ID, errMsg)
		}
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Chat Completions API (/v1/chat/completions) returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
	}

	return s.processOpenAIChatCompletionsStream(c, resp.Body)
}

// testOpenAICompactConnection probes native remote compaction v2 (streaming
// /responses with a compaction_trigger input item) and persists the resulting
// capability state on the account. The legacy unary /responses/compact
// endpoint has been sunset upstream (404, #5598/#5624) and is no longer probed.
func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAICompactConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, testModelID string) error {
	ctx := c.Request.Context()
	credentialAccount := account
	if account.IsShadow() {
		resolved, err := resolveCredentialAccount(ctx, s.accountRepo, account)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to resolve account credentials")
		}
		credentialAccount = resolved
	}

	authToken := ""
	apiURL := ""
	isOAuth := false

	switch {
	case credentialAccount.IsOAuth():
		isOAuth = true
		if !credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() {
			authToken = credentialAccount.GetOpenAIAccessToken()
		}
		if authToken == "" && !credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No access token available")
		}
		apiURL = chatgptCodexAPIURL
	case account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey:
		authToken = account.GetOpenAIApiKey()
		if authToken == "" {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No API key available")
		}
		baseURL := account.GetOpenAIBaseURL()
		if baseURL == "" {
			baseURL = "https://api.openai.com"
		}
		normalizedBaseURL, err := s.validateUpstreamBaseURL(baseURL)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid base URL: %s", err.Error()))
		}
		apiURL = buildOpenAIResponsesURL(normalizedBaseURL)
	default:
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Unsupported account type: %s", account.Type))
	}

	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	// 原生 v2 走普通 /responses 线：OAuth 与真实转发一致做上游模型归一化。
	if isOAuth {
		testModelID = normalizeOpenAIModelForUpstream(credentialAccount, testModelID)
	}
	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(createOpenAICompactProbePayload(testModelID, isOAuth))
	if !agentIdentityTaskRecoveryWasTried(ctx) {
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create request")
	}
	req = req.WithContext(WithHTTPUpstreamProfile(req.Context(), HTTPUpstreamProfileOpenAI))

	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	// v2 探测是流式请求；同时补注协商头，与真实 codex 出站线型一致。
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "text/event-stream")
	ensureOpenAIRemoteCompactionV2BetaFeature(req.Header)
	if credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() {
		authHeaders, authErr := buildAgentIdentityAuthenticationHeaders(ctx, s.accountRepo, s.agentIdentityWS, &s.agentIdentityTaskMu, credentialAccount)
		if authErr != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to build Agent Identity authentication")
		}
		for key, values := range authHeaders {
			for _, value := range values {
				req.Header.Add(key, value)
			}
		}
	} else {
		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+authToken)
	}
	applyOpenAICodexProbeHeaders(req.Header)
	if isOAuth {
		enforceCodexIdentityHeadersWithUA(req.Header, credentialAccount.GetOpenAIUserAgent())
	}
	probeSessionID := compactProbeSessionID(account.ID)
	req.Header.Set("Session_ID", probeSessionID)
	req.Header.Set("Conversation_ID", probeSessionID)

	if isOAuth {
		req.Host = "chatgpt.com"
		setOpenAIChatGPTAccountHeaders(req.Header, credentialAccount)
		// 指纹收敛：探测与真实转发走同一个 /responses 端点，身份也必须同构，
		// 否则探测流量会以「缺 x-codex-installation-id + 非收敛 session」的
		// 形态暴露在上游眼里。账号关闭收敛（off）时返回 nil，探测保持原样。
		if fpIDs := resolveCodexFingerprintIDsFromRequest(account, req.Header); fpIDs != nil {
			applyCodexFingerprintHeaders(req.Header, fpIDs)
		}
	}

	// 账号级请求头覆写：测试请求与真实转发保持一致的最终头
	account.ApplyHeaderOverrides(req.Header)

	proxyURL := ""
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
	}

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, s.tlsFPProfileService.ResolveTLSProfile(account))
	if err != nil {
		if s.accountRepo != nil {
			updates := buildOpenAICompactProbeExtraUpdates(nil, nil, err, false, time.Now())
			_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(ctx, account.ID, updates)
			mergeAccountExtra(account, updates)
		}
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()

	body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 2<<20))
	body = redactAgentIdentitySensitiveBodyForAccount(ctx, s.accountRepo, credentialAccount, body)
	if !agentIdentityTaskRecoveryWasTried(ctx) && credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() && isAgentIdentityTaskInvalidHTTPResponse(resp.StatusCode, body) {
		expectedTaskID := credentialAccount.GetCredential("task_id")
		if err := ensureAgentIdentityTaskForAccount(ctx, s.accountRepo, s.agentIdentityWS, &s.agentIdentityTaskMu, credentialAccount, expectedTaskID); err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Agent Identity task recovery failed: %s", err.Error()))
		}
		c.Request = c.Request.WithContext(markAgentIdentityTaskRecoveryTried(ctx))
		return s.testOpenAICompactConnection(c, account, testModelID)
	}

	compactionFound := openAICompactProbeFoundCompactionItem(body)
	if s.accountRepo != nil {
		updates := buildOpenAICompactProbeExtraUpdates(resp, body, nil, compactionFound, time.Now())
		if codexUpdates, err := extractOpenAICodexProbeUpdates(resp); err == nil && len(codexUpdates) > 0 {
			updates = mergeExtraUpdates(updates, codexUpdates)
		}
		if len(updates) > 0 {
			_ = s.accountRepo.UpdateExtra(ctx, account.ID, updates)
			mergeAccountExtra(account, updates)
		}
		// 探测如返回 429,主动同步限流状态,避免后续短时间内继续选中。
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusTooManyRequests {
			s.reconcileOpenAI429State(ctx, account, resp.Header, body)
		}
	}

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		if resp.StatusCode == http.StatusUnauthorized && s.accountRepo != nil {
			errMsg := fmt.Sprintf("Authentication failed (401): %s", string(body))
			_ = s.accountRepo.SetError(ctx, account.ID, errMsg)
		}
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
	}

	if !compactionFound {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Upstream returned 2xx without a compaction output item (native remote compaction v2 unsupported on this chain)")
	}

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: "Compact probe succeeded (native remote compaction v2)"})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

func (s *AccountTestService) reconcileOpenAI429State(ctx context.Context, account *Account, headers http.Header, body []byte) {
	if s == nil || s.accountRepo == nil || account == nil {
		return
	}

	persistOpenAI429PlanType(ctx, s.accountRepo, account, body)

	var resetAt *time.Time
	if calculated := calculateOpenAI429ResetTime(headers); calculated != nil {
		resetAt = calculated
	} else if unixTs := parseOpenAIRateLimitResetTime(body); unixTs != nil {
		t := time.Unix(*unixTs, 0)
		resetAt = &t
	}
	if resetAt == nil {
		return
	}

	if err := s.accountRepo.SetRateLimited(ctx, account.ID, *resetAt); err != nil {
		return
	}

	now := time.Now()
	account.RateLimitedAt = &now
	account.RateLimitResetAt = resetAt

	if account.Status == StatusError {
		if err := s.accountRepo.ClearError(ctx, account.ID); err != nil {
			return
		}
		account.Status = StatusActive
		account.ErrorMessage = ""
	}
}

// testGeminiAccountConnection tests a Gemini account's connection
func (s *AccountTestService) testGeminiAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string, prompt string) error {
	ctx := c.Request.Context()

	// Determine the model to use
	testModelID := modelID
	if testModelID == "" {
		testModelID = geminicli.DefaultTestModel
	}

	// For static upstream credentials with model mapping, map the model
	if account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey || account.Type == AccountTypeServiceAccount {
		mapping := account.GetModelMapping()
		if len(mapping) > 0 {
			if mappedModel, exists := mapping[testModelID]; exists {
				testModelID = mappedModel
			}
		}
	}

	// Set SSE headers
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	// Create test payload (Gemini format)
	payload := createGeminiTestPayload(testModelID, prompt)

	// Build request based on account type
	var req *http.Request
	var err error

	switch account.Type {
	case AccountTypeAPIKey:
		req, err = s.buildGeminiAPIKeyRequest(ctx, account, testModelID, payload)
	case AccountTypeOAuth:
		req, err = s.buildGeminiOAuthRequest(ctx, account, testModelID, payload)
	case AccountTypeServiceAccount:
		req, err = s.buildGeminiServiceAccountRequest(ctx, account, testModelID, payload)
	default:
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Unsupported account type: %s", account.Type))
	}

	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to build request: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	// Send test_start event
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})

	// Get proxy and execute request
	proxyURL := ""
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
	}

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, s.tlsFPProfileService.ResolveTLSProfile(account))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
	}

	// Process SSE stream
	return s.processGeminiStream(c, resp.Body)
}

// routeAntigravityTest 路由 Antigravity 账号的测试请求。
// APIKey 类型走原生协议（与 gateway_handler 路由一致），OAuth/Upstream 走 CRS 中转。
func (s *AccountTestService) routeAntigravityTest(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string, prompt string) error {
	if account.Type == AccountTypeAPIKey {
		if strings.HasPrefix(modelID, "gemini-") {
			return s.testGeminiAccountConnection(c, account, modelID, prompt)
		}
		return s.testClaudeAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
	}
	return s.testAntigravityAccountConnection(c, account, modelID)
}

// testAntigravityAccountConnection tests an Antigravity account's connection
// 支持 Claude 和 Gemini 两种协议，使用非流式请求
func (s *AccountTestService) testAntigravityAccountConnection(c *gin.Context, account *Account, modelID string) error {
	ctx := c.Request.Context()

	// 默认模型：Claude 使用 claude-sonnet-4-5，Gemini 使用 gemini-3-pro-preview
	testModelID := modelID
	if testModelID == "" {
		testModelID = "claude-sonnet-4-5"
	}

	if s.antigravityGatewayService == nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Antigravity gateway service not configured")
	}

	// Set SSE headers
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	// Send test_start event
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: testModelID})

	// 调用 AntigravityGatewayService.TestConnection（复用协议转换逻辑）
	result, err := s.antigravityGatewayService.TestConnection(ctx, account, testModelID)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, err.Error())
	}

	// 发送响应内容
	if result.Text != "" {
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: result.Text})
	}

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

// buildGeminiAPIKeyRequest builds request for Gemini API Key accounts
func (s *AccountTestService) buildGeminiAPIKeyRequest(ctx context.Context, account *Account, modelID string, payload []byte) (*http.Request, error) {
	apiKey := account.GetCredential("api_key")
	if strings.TrimSpace(apiKey) == "" {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("no API key available")
	}

	baseURL := account.GetCredential("base_url")
	if baseURL == "" {
		baseURL = geminicli.AIStudioBaseURL
	}
	normalizedBaseURL, err := s.validateUpstreamBaseURL(baseURL)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	// Use streamGenerateContent for real-time feedback
	fullURL, err := buildGeminiAIStudioModelActionURL(normalizedBaseURL, modelID, "streamGenerateContent", true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", fullURL, bytes.NewReader(payload))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("x-goog-api-key", apiKey)

	return req, nil
}

// buildGeminiOAuthRequest builds request for Gemini OAuth accounts
func (s *AccountTestService) buildGeminiOAuthRequest(ctx context.Context, account *Account, modelID string, payload []byte) (*http.Request, error) {
	if s.geminiTokenProvider == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gemini token provider not configured")
	}

	// Get access token (auto-refreshes if needed)
	accessToken, err := s.geminiTokenProvider.GetAccessToken(ctx, account)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get access token: %w", err)
	}

	projectID := strings.TrimSpace(account.GetCredential("project_id"))
	if projectID == "" {
		// AI Studio OAuth mode (no project_id): call generativelanguage API directly with Bearer token.
		baseURL := account.GetCredential("base_url")
		if strings.TrimSpace(baseURL) == "" {
			baseURL = geminicli.AIStudioBaseURL
		}
		normalizedBaseURL, err := s.validateUpstreamBaseURL(baseURL)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		fullURL, err := buildGeminiAIStudioModelActionURL(normalizedBaseURL, modelID, "streamGenerateContent", true)
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}

		req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, fullURL, bytes.NewReader(payload))
		if err != nil {
			return nil, err
		}
		req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
		return req, nil
	}

	// Code Assist mode (with project_id)
	return s.buildCodeAssistRequest(ctx, accessToken, projectID, modelID, payload)
}

func (s *AccountTestService) buildGeminiServiceAccountRequest(ctx context.Context, account *Account, modelID string, payload []byte) (*http.Request, error) {
	if s.geminiTokenProvider == nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("gemini token provider not configured")
	}
	accessToken, err := s.geminiTokenProvider.GetAccessToken(ctx, account)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, fmt.Errorf("failed to get service account access token: %w", err)
	}
	fullURL, err := buildVertexGeminiURL(account.VertexProjectID(), account.VertexLocation(modelID), modelID, "streamGenerateContent", true)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, fullURL, bytes.NewReader(payload))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
	return req, nil
}

// buildCodeAssistRequest builds request for Google Code Assist API (used by Gemini CLI and Antigravity)
func (s *AccountTestService) buildCodeAssistRequest(ctx context.Context, accessToken, projectID, modelID string, payload []byte) (*http.Request, error) {
	var inner map[string]any
	if err := json.Unmarshal(payload, &inner); err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	wrapped := map[string]any{
		"model":   modelID,
		"project": projectID,
		"request": inner,
	}
	wrappedBytes, _ := json.Marshal(wrapped)

	normalizedBaseURL, err := s.validateUpstreamBaseURL(geminicli.GeminiCliBaseURL)
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}
	fullURL := fmt.Sprintf("%s/v1internal:streamGenerateContent?alt=sse", normalizedBaseURL)

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", fullURL, bytes.NewReader(wrappedBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return nil, err
	}

	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+accessToken)
	req.Header.Set("User-Agent", geminicli.GeminiCLIUserAgent)

	return req, nil
}

// createGeminiTestPayload creates a minimal test payload for Gemini API.
// Image models use the image-generation path so the frontend can preview the returned image.
func createGeminiTestPayload(modelID string, prompt string) []byte {
	if isImageGenerationModel(modelID) {
		imagePrompt := strings.TrimSpace(prompt)
		if imagePrompt == "" {
			imagePrompt = defaultGeminiImageTestPrompt
		}

		payload := map[string]any{
			"contents": []map[string]any{
				{
					"role": "user",
					"parts": []map[string]any{
						{"text": imagePrompt},
					},
				},
			},
			"generationConfig": map[string]any{
				"responseModalities": []string{"TEXT", "IMAGE"},
				"imageConfig": map[string]any{
					"aspectRatio": "1:1",
				},
			},
		}
		bytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)
		return bytes
	}

	textPrompt := strings.TrimSpace(prompt)
	if textPrompt == "" {
		textPrompt = defaultGeminiTextTestPrompt
	}

	payload := map[string]any{
		"contents": []map[string]any{
			{
				"role": "user",
				"parts": []map[string]any{
					{"text": textPrompt},
				},
			},
		},
		"systemInstruction": map[string]any{
			"parts": []map[string]any{
				{"text": "You are a helpful AI assistant."},
			},
		},
	}
	bytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)
	return bytes
}

// processGeminiStream processes SSE stream from Gemini API
func (s *AccountTestService) processGeminiStream(c *gin.Context, body io.Reader) error {
	reader := bufio.NewReader(body)

	for {
		line, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
		if err != nil {
			if err == io.EOF {
				s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
				return nil
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Stream read error: %s", err.Error()))
		}

		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
		if line == "" || !strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
			continue
		}

		jsonStr := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
		if jsonStr == "[DONE]" {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
			return nil
		}

		var data map[string]any
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &data); err != nil {
			continue
		}

		// Support two Gemini response formats:
		// - AI Studio: {"candidates": [...]}
		// - Gemini CLI: {"response": {"candidates": [...]}}
		if resp, ok := data["response"].(map[string]any); ok && resp != nil {
			data = resp
		}
		if candidates, ok := data["candidates"].([]any); ok && len(candidates) > 0 {
			if candidate, ok := candidates[0].(map[string]any); ok {
				// Extract content first (before checking completion)
				if content, ok := candidate["content"].(map[string]any); ok {
					if parts, ok := content["parts"].([]any); ok {
						for _, part := range parts {
							if partMap, ok := part.(map[string]any); ok {
								if text, ok := partMap["text"].(string); ok && text != "" {
									s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: text})
								}
								if inlineData, ok := partMap["inlineData"].(map[string]any); ok {
									mimeType, _ := inlineData["mimeType"].(string)
									data, _ := inlineData["data"].(string)
									if strings.HasPrefix(strings.ToLower(mimeType), "image/") && data != "" {
										s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{
											Type:     "image",
											ImageURL: fmt.Sprintf("data:%s;base64,%s", mimeType, data),
											MimeType: mimeType,
										})
									}
								}
							}
						}
					}
				}

				// Check for completion after extracting content
				if finishReason, ok := candidate["finishReason"].(string); ok && finishReason != "" {
					s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
					return nil
				}
			}
		}

		// Handle errors
		if errData, ok := data["error"].(map[string]any); ok {
			errorMsg := "Unknown error"
			if msg, ok := errData["message"].(string); ok {
				errorMsg = msg
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, errorMsg)
		}
	}
}

// createOpenAITestPayload creates a test payload for OpenAI Responses API
func createOpenAITestPayload(modelID string, isOAuth bool) map[string]any {
	payload := map[string]any{
		"model": modelID,
		"input": []map[string]any{
			{
				"role": "user",
				"content": []map[string]any{
					{
						"type": "input_text",
						"text": "hi",
					},
				},
			},
		},
		"stream": true,
	}

	// OAuth accounts using ChatGPT internal API require store: false
	if isOAuth {
		payload["store"] = false
	}

	// All accounts require instructions for Responses API
	payload["instructions"] = openai.DefaultInstructions

	return payload
}

func createOpenAIChatCompletionsTestPayload(modelID string, prompt string) map[string]any {
	testPrompt := strings.TrimSpace(prompt)
	if testPrompt == "" {
		testPrompt = "hi"
	}

	return map[string]any{
		"model": modelID,
		"messages": []map[string]any{
			{
				"role":    "user",
				"content": testPrompt,
			},
		},
		"stream": true,
	}
}

// processClaudeStream processes the SSE stream from Claude API
func (s *AccountTestService) processClaudeStream(c *gin.Context, body io.Reader) error {
	reader := bufio.NewReader(body)

	for {
		line, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
		if err != nil {
			if err == io.EOF {
				s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
				return nil
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Stream read error: %s", err.Error()))
		}

		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
		if line == "" || !sseDataPrefix.MatchString(line) {
			continue
		}

		jsonStr := sseDataPrefix.ReplaceAllString(line, "")
		if jsonStr == "[DONE]" {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
			return nil
		}

		var data map[string]any
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &data); err != nil {
			continue
		}

		eventType, _ := data["type"].(string)

		switch eventType {
		case "content_block_delta":
			if delta, ok := data["delta"].(map[string]any); ok {
				if text, ok := delta["text"].(string); ok {
					s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: text})
				}
			}
		case "message_stop":
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
			return nil
		case "error":
			errorMsg := "Unknown error"
			if errData, ok := data["error"].(map[string]any); ok {
				if msg, ok := errData["message"].(string); ok {
					errorMsg = msg
				}
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, errorMsg)
		}
	}
}

// processOpenAIChatCompletionsStream processes SSE chunks from the
// OpenAI-compatible Chat Completions API.
func (s *AccountTestService) processOpenAIChatCompletionsStream(c *gin.Context, body io.Reader) error {
	reader := bufio.NewReader(body)
	seenJSON := false
	seenFinish := false

	for {
		line, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
		if err != nil {
			if err == io.EOF {
				if seenFinish {
					s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "已通过 /v1/chat/completions 验证"})
					s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
					return nil
				}
				if seenJSON {
					return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Chat Completions stream from /v1/chat/completions ended before [DONE]")
				}
				return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Invalid Chat Completions response from /v1/chat/completions: expected SSE JSON data")
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Chat Completions stream read error from /v1/chat/completions: %s", err.Error()))
		}

		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
		if line == "" || !sseDataPrefix.MatchString(line) {
			continue
		}

		jsonStr := sseDataPrefix.ReplaceAllString(line, "")
		if jsonStr == "[DONE]" {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "status", Text: "已通过 /v1/chat/completions 验证"})
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
			return nil
		}

		var data map[string]any
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &data); err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Invalid Chat Completions response from /v1/chat/completions: expected JSON data")
		}
		seenJSON = true

		if errData, ok := data["error"].(map[string]any); ok {
			errorMsg := "Chat Completions API (/v1/chat/completions) returned an error"
			if msg, ok := errData["message"].(string); ok && msg != "" {
				errorMsg = msg
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Chat Completions API (/v1/chat/completions) error: %s", errorMsg))
		}

		choices, ok := data["choices"].([]any)
		if !ok {
			continue
		}
		for _, choiceValue := range choices {
			choice, ok := choiceValue.(map[string]any)
			if !ok {
				continue
			}
			if delta, ok := choice["delta"].(map[string]any); ok {
				if text, ok := delta["content"].(string); ok && text != "" {
					s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: text})
				}
			}
			if message, ok := choice["message"].(map[string]any); ok {
				if text, ok := message["content"].(string); ok && text != "" {
					s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: text})
				}
			}
			if finishReason, ok := choice["finish_reason"].(string); ok && finishReason != "" {
				seenFinish = true
			}
		}
	}
}

// processOpenAIStream processes the SSE stream from OpenAI Responses API
func (s *AccountTestService) processOpenAIStream(c *gin.Context, body io.Reader) error {
	reader := bufio.NewReader(body)
	seenCompleted := false

	for {
		line, err := reader.ReadString('\n')
		if err != nil {
			if err == io.EOF {
				if seenCompleted {
					s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
					return nil
				}
				return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Stream ended before response.completed")
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Stream read error: %s", err.Error()))
		}

		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
		if line == "" || !sseDataPrefix.MatchString(line) {
			continue
		}

		jsonStr := sseDataPrefix.ReplaceAllString(line, "")
		if jsonStr == "[DONE]" {
			if seenCompleted {
				s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
				return nil
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Stream ended before response.completed")
		}

		var data map[string]any
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &data); err != nil {
			continue
		}

		eventType, _ := data["type"].(string)

		switch eventType {
		case "response.output_text.delta":
			// OpenAI Responses API uses "delta" field for text content
			if delta, ok := data["delta"].(string); ok && delta != "" {
				s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: delta})
			}
		case "response.completed", "response.done":
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
			return nil
		case "response.failed":
			errorMsg := "OpenAI response failed"
			if responseData, ok := data["response"].(map[string]any); ok {
				if errData, ok := responseData["error"].(map[string]any); ok {
					if msg, ok := errData["message"].(string); ok && msg != "" {
						errorMsg = msg
					}
				}
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, errorMsg)
		case "error":
			errorMsg := "Unknown error"
			if errData, ok := data["error"].(map[string]any); ok {
				if msg, ok := errData["message"].(string); ok {
					errorMsg = msg
				}
			}
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, errorMsg)
		}
	}
}

// testOpenAIImageAPIKey tests OpenAI image generation using an API Key account.
func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIImageAPIKey(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, modelID, prompt string) error {
	authToken := account.GetOpenAIApiKey()
	if authToken == "" {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No API key available")
	}

	baseURL := account.GetOpenAIBaseURL()
	if baseURL == "" {
		baseURL = "https://api.openai.com"
	}
	normalizedBaseURL, err := s.validateUpstreamBaseURL(baseURL)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Invalid base URL: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	apiURL := buildOpenAIImagesURL(normalizedBaseURL, openAIImagesGenerationsEndpoint)

	// Set SSE headers
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: modelID})

	payload := map[string]any{
		"model":           modelID,
		"prompt":          prompt,
		"n":               1,
		"response_format": "b64_json",
	}
	payloadBytes, _ := json.Marshal(payload)

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, "POST", apiURL, bytes.NewReader(payloadBytes))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create request")
	}
	req = req.WithContext(WithHTTPUpstreamProfile(req.Context(), HTTPUpstreamProfileOpenAI))
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+authToken)

	// 账号级请求头覆写：测试请求与真实转发保持一致的最终头
	account.ApplyHeaderOverrides(req.Header)

	proxyURL := ""
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
	}

	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.DoWithTLS(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency, s.tlsFPProfileService.ResolveTLSProfile(account))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() { _ = resp.Body.Close() }()

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to read response: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	if resp.StatusCode != http.StatusOK {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("API returned %d: %s", resp.StatusCode, string(body)))
	}

	// Parse {"data": [{"b64_json": "...", "revised_prompt": "..."}]}
	var result struct {
		Data []struct {
			B64JSON       string `json:"b64_json"`
			RevisedPrompt string `json:"revised_prompt"`
		} `json:"data"`
	}
	if err := json.Unmarshal(body, &result); err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse response: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	if len(result.Data) == 0 {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No images returned from API")
	}

	for _, item := range result.Data {
		if item.RevisedPrompt != "" {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: item.RevisedPrompt})
		}
		if item.B64JSON != "" {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{
				Type:     "image",
				ImageURL: "data:image/png;base64," + item.B64JSON,
				MimeType: "image/png",
			})
		}
	}

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

// testOpenAIImageOAuth tests OpenAI image generation using an OAuth account via Codex /responses API.
func (s *AccountTestService) testOpenAIImageOAuth(c *gin.Context, ctx context.Context, account *Account, modelID, prompt string) error {
	credentialAccount := account
	if account.IsShadow() {
		resolved, err := resolveCredentialAccount(ctx, s.accountRepo, account)
		if err != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to resolve account credentials")
		}
		credentialAccount = resolved
	}
	authToken := ""
	if !credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() {
		authToken = credentialAccount.GetOpenAIAccessToken()
	}
	if authToken == "" && !credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No access token available")
	}

	// Set SSE headers
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Content-Type", "text/event-stream")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Cache-Control", "no-cache")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("Connection", "keep-alive")
	c.Writer.Header().Set("X-Accel-Buffering", "no")
	c.Writer.Flush()

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_start", Model: modelID})
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: "Calling Codex /responses image tool...\n"})

	parsed := &OpenAIImagesRequest{
		Endpoint: openAIImagesGenerationsEndpoint,
		Model:    strings.TrimSpace(modelID),
		Prompt:   prompt,
	}
	applyOpenAIImagesDefaults(parsed)

	responsesBody, err := buildOpenAIImagesResponsesRequest(parsed, parsed.Model)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to build image request: %s", err.Error()))
	}

	req, err := http.NewRequestWithContext(ctx, http.MethodPost, chatgptCodexAPIURL, bytes.NewReader(responsesBody))
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to create request")
	}
	req = req.WithContext(WithHTTPUpstreamProfile(req.Context(), HTTPUpstreamProfileOpenAI))
	req.Host = "chatgpt.com"
	if credentialAccount.IsOpenAIAgentIdentity() {
		authHeaders, authErr := buildAgentIdentityAuthenticationHeaders(ctx, s.accountRepo, s.agentIdentityWS, &s.agentIdentityTaskMu, credentialAccount)
		if authErr != nil {
			return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "Failed to build Agent Identity authentication")
		}
		for key, values := range authHeaders {
			for _, value := range values {
				req.Header.Add(key, value)
			}
		}
	} else {
		req.Header.Set("Authorization", "Bearer "+authToken)
	}
	req.Header.Set("Content-Type", "application/json")
	req.Header.Set("Accept", "text/event-stream")
	req.Header.Set("OpenAI-Beta", "responses=experimental")
	canonical := resolveCodexOutboundIdentity("")
	req.Header.Set("originator", canonical.originator)
	if customUA := strings.TrimSpace(credentialAccount.GetOpenAIUserAgent()); customUA != "" {
		req.Header.Set("User-Agent", customUA)
	} else {
		req.Header.Set("User-Agent", canonical.userAgent)
	}
	setOpenAIChatGPTAccountHeaders(req.Header, credentialAccount)
	// 与真实转发一致：账号级自定义 UA 同样作为管理员显式配置传入，否则测试用的身份
	// 与该账号真实出站的身份不是同一个（issue #3901 的配对不变式由收口保证）。
	enforceCodexIdentityHeadersWithUA(req.Header, credentialAccount.GetOpenAIUserAgent())

	proxyURL := ""
	if account.ProxyID != nil && account.Proxy != nil {
		proxyURL = account.Proxy.URL()
	}
	resp, err := s.httpUpstream.Do(req, proxyURL, account.ID, account.Concurrency)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Responses API request failed: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	defer func() {
		if resp != nil && resp.Body != nil {
			_ = resp.Body.Close()
		}
	}()
	if resp.StatusCode >= 400 {
		body, _ := io.ReadAll(io.LimitReader(resp.Body, 2<<20))
		body = redactAgentIdentitySensitiveBodyForAccount(ctx, s.accountRepo, credentialAccount, body)
		message := strings.TrimSpace(extractUpstreamErrorMessage(body))
		if message == "" {
			message = fmt.Sprintf("Responses API returned %d", resp.StatusCode)
		}
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, message)
	}

	body, err := io.ReadAll(resp.Body)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to read image response: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	body = redactAgentIdentitySensitiveBodyForAccount(ctx, s.accountRepo, credentialAccount, body)

	results, _, _, _, _, err := collectOpenAIImagesFromResponsesBody(body)
	if err != nil {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, fmt.Sprintf("Failed to parse image response: %s", err.Error()))
	}
	if len(results) == 0 {
		return s.sendErrorAndEnd(c, "No images returned from responses API")
	}

	for _, item := range results {
		if item.RevisedPrompt != "" {
			s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "content", Text: item.RevisedPrompt})
		}
		mimeType := openAIImageOutputMIMEType(item.OutputFormat)
		s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{
			Type:     "image",
			ImageURL: "data:" + mimeType + ";base64," + item.Result,
			MimeType: mimeType,
		})
	}

	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "test_complete", Success: true})
	return nil
}

func (s *AccountTestService) sendEvent(c *gin.Context, event TestEvent) {
	if event.Type == "test_complete" {
		if suppress, ok := c.Get(accountTestSuppressCompletionContextKey); ok {
			if suppressCompletion, _ := suppress.(bool); suppressCompletion {
				return
			}
		}
	}
	eventJSON, _ := json.Marshal(event)
	if _, err := fmt.Fprintf(c.Writer, "data: %s\n\n", eventJSON); err != nil {
		log.Printf("failed to write SSE event: %v", err)
		return
	}
	c.Writer.Flush()
}

// sendErrorAndEnd sends an error event and ends the stream
func (s *AccountTestService) sendErrorAndEnd(c *gin.Context, errorMsg string) error {
	log.Printf("Account test error: %s", errorMsg)
	s.sendEvent(c, TestEvent{Type: "error", Error: errorMsg})
	return fmt.Errorf("%s", errorMsg)
}

// RunTestBackground executes an account test in-memory (no real HTTP client),
// capturing SSE output via httptest.NewRecorder, then parses the result.
func (s *AccountTestService) RunTestBackground(ctx context.Context, accountID int64, modelID string) (*ScheduledTestResult, error) {
	startedAt := time.Now()

	w := httptest.NewRecorder()
	ginCtx, _ := gin.CreateTestContext(w)
	ginCtx.Request = (&http.Request{}).WithContext(ctx)

	testErr := s.TestAccountConnection(ginCtx, accountID, modelID, "", AccountTestModeDefault)

	finishedAt := time.Now()
	body := w.Body.String()
	responseText, errMsg := parseTestSSEOutput(body)

	status := "success"
	if testErr != nil || errMsg != "" {
		status = "failed"
		if errMsg == "" && testErr != nil {
			errMsg = testErr.Error()
		}
	}

	return &ScheduledTestResult{
		Status:       status,
		ResponseText: responseText,
		ErrorMessage: errMsg,
		LatencyMs:    finishedAt.Sub(startedAt).Milliseconds(),
		StartedAt:    startedAt,
		FinishedAt:   finishedAt,
	}, nil
}

// parseTestSSEOutput extracts response text and error message from captured SSE output.
func parseTestSSEOutput(body string) (responseText, errMsg string) {
	var texts []string
	for _, line := range strings.Split(body, "\n") {
		line = strings.TrimSpace(line)
		if !strings.HasPrefix(line, "data: ") {
			continue
		}
		jsonStr := strings.TrimPrefix(line, "data: ")
		var event TestEvent
		if err := json.Unmarshal([]byte(jsonStr), &event); err != nil {
			continue
		}
		switch event.Type {
		case "content":
			if event.Text != "" {
				texts = append(texts, event.Text)
			}
		case "error":
			errMsg = event.Error
		}
	}
	responseText = strings.Join(texts, "")
	return
}